Production Process
Today, the textile industry encompasses many varied processes that add value to the fiber. These processes can range from garment sewing, fabric embossing, and composite manufacturing to yarn making. However, when the textile fiber is considered the basic structural unit of any textile product, textile production can be clearly defined as conventional and technical textiles.
The conventional textile manufacturing process has a long history of converting natural fiber into useful products such as fabrics, home textiles, and apparel, and more recently into a technical textile through the use of special finishing effects.
Textile Production Process from Fiber to Fabric
Synthetic and semi-synthetic fiber production is diversified through the use of monomers, chemicals, precursors, catalysts, and various auxiliary chemicals, resulting in fiber or yarn formation.
Innovation in textile production brought diversity in raw materials and production processes. Therefore, process control is desirable to ensure product quality. Monitoring and control of process parameters can reduce waste, cost, and environmental impact.
All processing stages in textile production, from fiber production to finished fabric, are experiencing improvements in process control and evaluation. Blow room covers the production and processing of textile fibers by carding, drawing, and carding, and the production of fabrics including knitting, woven, nonwovens, followed by coloring and finishing and apparel production.
The global textile industry in yarn and fabric production has a strong presence and is experiencing growth. The yarn and fabric market, worth USD 748.1 billion in 2016, is a market where the consumption of fabric products is higher and contributes 83.7% and yarn products is 16.3%. Market consumption grew at a CAGR of 5.1% between 2016 and 2021. In 2022, it is expected to reach a market value of US$ 961.0 billion.
Types of Textile Production Process
Yarn Manufacturing
Traditionally, yarn production includes a series of converting fiber into yarn processes. It is rooted in natural fibers derived from natural plant or animal sources. Natural fibers are produced with natural impurities that are removed from the yarn in subsequent pretreatment processes. Probably cotton is the fiber that originates yarn production from the opening of the fiber bale followed by a series of continuous mixing, blending, cleaning, carding, drawing, roving and spinning operations.
Fabric Manufacturing
Textile fabric is at least a two-dimensional structure produced by interlacing fiber/yarn. The mainly used interlaced fibrous structure is woven, non-woven, and knitted. Traditionally, weaving technology was the main source of fabric production. The important types of woven fabrics produced are basic weavings such as plain or tabby, twill and satin, and fantasy weavings such as pile, jacquard, dobby, and gauze.
Knitted fabric is the second-largest type of fabric used after weaving. It has the feature of adapting to the body lines and provides ease of movement. It is a comfortable form of fabric structure, especially for sports, daily wear, and underwear. Knitted fabrics include weft types and warp types, raschel, and knitwear.
Garment Manufacturing
Clothing design and manufacture is a combination of art and technology. Garment manufacturing has made several advances in design development, computer-aided manufacturing (CAD), and automation. However, the old version of the garment manufacturing process is still the main theme today. That is, cutting and joining at least two pieces of fabric. The sewing machine has the function of combining woven or cut knitted fabrics. Garments are most often produced by sewing pieces of fabric using a sewing machine. These machines are still based on the primary format used.
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